Wednesday, December 31, 2008

When is New Year?


For many of us, January 1 is New Year, but it’s only the start of a new year on the Gregorian calendar. Many cultures around the world and here in New Zealand celebrate new year at a different time. The tradition of celebrating the new year as a new beginning goes back to the earliest societies able to record the passage of time.

localeye, the online guide to Christchurch and Canterbury lists local events celebrating the New Year.

Here are some of the main New Year celebrations being held in 2009:

New Zealand New Year
1 January 2009

1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, the most widely-used calendar in the world. The term ‘New Year’s Day’ was adopted in western Europe in the Middle Ages, even though many countries were still renumbering their years on 25 December at that time. Scotland started switching their year on 1 January from 1600, while England and Wales didn’t make the change until 1752. The new system was well-established by the time the Gregorian calendar was introduced to New Zealand by its British settlers.

We have more content on the Gregorian calendar in our digital library.

Muharram - Muslim New Year
29 December 2008 - 1430 AH
18 December 2009 - 1431 AH

The first day of Muharram is the start of the Islamic New Year. The month of Muharram marks the beginning of the Islamic liturgical year. The Islamic year begins on the first day of Muharram, and is counted from the year of the Hegira (anno Hegirae) — the year in which Muhammad emigrated from Mecca to Medina (16 July, 622 A.D.). The new year at the end of 2008 marks the beginning of A.H. 1430.

Muharram
Islam.com
Muharram
Wikipedia

Chinese New YearChinese New Year
January 26 2009 - Chinese year 4707

The Chinese year 4707 begins on 26 January 2009. Chinese months are calculated by the lunar calendar and each month begins on the darkest day. New Year festivities traditionally start on the first day of the month and continue until the fifteenth (when the moon is brightest) and the traditional lantern festival takes place then.

26 January marks the start of the year of the Ox. The website holymtn.com reports on those born in the Year of the Ox:

The Ox works hard, patiently, and methodically, with original intelligence and reflective thought. These people enjoy helping others. Behind this tenacious, laboring, and self- sacrificing exterior lies an active mind. While their balance and strength inspire confidence, Oxen can seem rigid, obstinate, and slow. They impress others as leaders, fearing neither responsibility nor risk. However, sometimes they must labor long hours to accomplish little. As a result, the Ox can find life's journey laborious and the rewards uncertain.

Famous Oxen: Adolf Hitler, Jack Nicholson, Meryl Streep, Princess Diana, Napoleon

Year of the Ox
Information on the character of those born in the Year of the Rat
Chinese New Year
Infoplease
Chinese New Year
Wikipedia

Hindu New Year

Most Indian regions celebrate New Year's Day according to their regional calendars. Celebrated on the first day of Chaitra, the first month of the year, this day usually falls at the beginning of spring. Hinduism - New Year regional celebrations, an article on Infoplease, explains more about the various celebrations including:

  • Navreh - Kashmir New Year
  • Nava Varsha - Nepal New Year
  • Vishu - Kerala New Year
  • Gudi Padwa - Maharashtra New Year
  • Ugadi - New Year's day for the people of the Deccan region of India (Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka)
  • Bihu - Assam New Year
  • Puthandu - Tamil New Year
  • Baisakhi - Bengal and Punjab New Year

MatarikiMatariki - Māori New Year
24 June 2009

The Maori New Year is marked by the rise of Matariki (the group of stars also known as the Pleiades star cluster or The Seven Sisters) and the sighting of the next new moon. Traditionally, depending on the visibility of Matariki, the coming season's crop was thought to be determined. The brighter the stars indicated the warmer the season would be and thus a more productive crop. It was also seen as an important time for family to gather and reflect on the past and the future.

Matariki - Māori New Year
From Christchurch City Libraries
Matariki
Māori Language Commission
Matariki
Tai Tokerau Tourism

Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year
19 - 20 September 2009 Year 5770

Jews begin celebrating one of their most important religious holidays, Rosh Hashanah. It remembers the creation of the world. In Hebrew, Rosh Hashanah means the "head of the year". Sundown on that night marks the beginning of the year 5770 and the month of Tishrei. Jews used the ram's horn (shofar) as a trumpet in Biblical times to announce the new moon, holidays, and war and the shofar is still used on Rosh Hashanah.

Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year
Infoplease
Rosh HaShanah
Information from the Orthodox Union
Rosh Hashanah
Wikipedia
Jewish Holidays Community Calendar 2009
Orthodox Union

Other New Year's celebrations include Norouz, New Year festival often associated with Zoroastrianism and Parsiism. The festival is celebrated in many countries, including Iran, Iraq, India, and Afghanistan. It usually begins on 21 March. Enkutatash in Ethiopia occurs on Meskerem 1 on the Ethiopian calendar, which is 11 September (or, during a leap year, 12 September). See the listing of New Year celebrations in Wikipedia for more information.

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